US Präsident Barack Obama, Quelle: The White House
Im Wahlkampf hatte Obama gerade mit seinem Kurs, gepunktet und auch im Krieg gegen den Terror einen grundlegenden “Change” versprochen.
Während Obama in anderen Politikbereichen – etwa bei der Umweltpolitik – bereits erste Akzente der Veränderung setzte, fällt ihm das beim Anti-Terror-Kampf und den Kriegen im Irak und in Afghanistan besonders schwer.
Jene Militärtribunale, die von US-Menschenrechtsgruppen als verfassungswidrig angesehen werden, will Obama weiterführen, um dort Guantanamo-Häftlingen den Prozess machen zu können. Die Rechte der Angeklagten vor den Tribunalen will Obama immerhin verbessern, doch trotzdem bleiben fragwürdige Bestimmungen wie die Anerkennung von “Beweisen vom Hörensagen” bestehen.
Erst vor wenigen Tagen hatte Obama seine Ankündigung vom April, Fotos zu veröffentlichen, die die Misshandlung von Häftlingen in US-Gefängnissen während der Regierungszeit von Bush zeigen, zurückgenommen. Obama begründete das mit der Sorge, die Veröffentlichung könne sich negativ auf künftige Ermittlungen zu Misshandlungen auswirken und US-Soldaten im Irak und in Afghanistan gefährden.
Die Menschenrechtsorganisation Amnesty International betonte dagegen, die “eigentliche Gefahr” gehe nicht von dem Wissen aus, dass es Missbrauch gegeben habe, sondern davon, dass die Verantwortlichen nicht zur Rechenschaft gezogen würden.
Bereits zuvor hatte Obama seine engsten Anhänger vor den Kopf gestoßen, als er zwar die von der Bush-Regierung erlaubten zweifelhaften Verhörmethoden verbot, CIA-Mitarbeitern jedoch zugleich für Folter bei Verhören Straffreiheit zusicherte.
Obama befindet sich seit seiner Amtsübernahme im Januar in einer Zwickmühle: Auf der einen Seite stehen die klaren, unmissverständlichen Wahlkampfversprechen – darunter eben ein Anti-Terror-Kampf, der den Boden von Demokratie und Menschenrechten nicht verlässt -, und auf der anderen Seite die Zwänge seines Amtes.
Für den deutschen Politologen Dietmar Herz verfolgt Obama nämlich zwei einander ausschließende Ziele: die Einlösung des “Change”-Versprechens, während er sich gleichzeitig darum bemüht, die seit dem Irak-Krieg und dem Wahlkampf extrem gespaltene Nation wieder zu einen. Daher, so Herz gegenüber der “Süddeutschen Zeitung” (“SZ”), vermeide der Präsident extreme Schritt, um nicht noch mehr zu polarisieren.
Auch versuche Obama, Militär, Geheimdienste und den Staatsapparat insgesamt für sich zu gewinnen – denn für seine Vorhaben, insbesondere die Kriege in Afghanistan und dem Irak, brauche er die “volle Solidarität”.
Das erklärt laut Herz auch die Straffreistellung von CIA-Mitarbeitern bei den umstrittenen Verhören, die auch Waterboarding umfassten.
Dazu kommt ein taktisches Kalkül: Obama brauche keine Angst zu haben, seine Stammklientel – etwa die Bürgerrechtsbewegung – zu verlieren. Denn für diese gebe es – zumindest derzeit – ohnehin keine Alternative.
Republikaner als Schrittmacher
“Change” gibt es also durchaus, das Tempo bestimmen aber seit Obamas Amtsantritt wider Erwarten nicht dessen Anhänger, sondern dessen Gegner.
Ob Obamas Strategie aufgeht, bleibt abzuwarten: Denn derzeit reagieren die Republikaner auf jeden Schritt Obamas in ihre Richtung mit wütenden Beschimpfungen – von Ex-Vizepräsident Dick Cheney abwärts bis in republikanische Weblogs.
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